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51 




ORIGIN OF THE 



AND ITS 

MODE OF OPERATION CLEARLY DEFINED, 

BY ONE WHO HAS MADE THEM A STUDY FOR 

FIFTEEN TEAES. 



A. X. B A. N" Y, 186S. 



Entered, according to an act of Congress, in the year 1868, "by 

D. Q. Littlefield, in the Clerks's Office of the 

Northern District of New York. 



7 



THE 



LITTLEFIELD 

STOYE IAMJFACTTOIM CO, 

, N. Y. 



Organized August 25th, 1865, under the laws of the 
State of New York. 



IRA JAGGER and D. G. LITTLEFIELD, 

Sole Peopeietoes. 

D. G. LITTLEFIELD, 

Geneeal Sxjpeeintendent. 

IRA JAGGER, 

Teeasueee. 

H. C. LITTLEFIELD, 

Seceetaey. 

office no* 47 montgomery street. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



THE MOKNING GLORY OF 1868 

LOW TOP. 




No. 20, Diameter of base 20 inches, 



21, 
22, 
23, 
24, 
25, 
26, 



do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 



21 inches, 

22 inches, 

23 inches, 

24 inches, 

25 inches, 

26 inches, 



BET AIL PRICE. 

$21 00 

- 24 00 
28 00 

- 32 00 
36 00 

* 40 00 
44 00 



It is expected that Dealers will add to these Prices the freight from 
Albany to their place of business only. 



THE MOENING GLORY. 



THE MORNING GIMY OF 1868. 



HIGH TOP. 




No. 26, Diameter of base 26 inches, 
28, do 28 inches, 

30, do 30 inches, 

32, do 32 inches, 



RETAIL PRICE. 

$48 00 

- 55 00 
65 00 

- 75 00 



It is expected that Dealers will add to these Prices the freight from 
Albany to their place of business only. 



THE MORNING GLOBY. 



LITTLEFIELD'S PARLOR FURNACE, 

OE DOUBLE HEATEE. 




No. 10, Diameter of base, 24 inches, 

11, do 25^ inches, 

12, do 27 inches, - 

13, do 28^ inches, 



RETAIL PRICE. 

$30 00 

36 00 

- 43 00 

50 00 



It is expected that Dealers will add to these Prices the freight from 
Albany to their place of business only. This Furnace can be used for 
warming the room where placed only, and have an urn on its top, or used 
as a Double Heater, warming the room where placed and rooms above. 



6 THE MOENING GLOKY. 

THE "MORNING GLORY" 

POETABLE HOT-AIE FURNACE. 




^TVtSZjrc/USlZ^Z 



No. 15, size of base, - - - - 28 by 28 inches 

17 do - 30 by 30 inches 

19 do ... - - 32 by 32 inches 

21 do - - - - 34 by 34 inches 

yf- The numbers 15, 17, 19 and 21, give the diameter of the Grate and 
the Magazine of each size respectively. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 

THE "HOMING GLORY" 



BEIGE: FUEISTAOE. 




No. 19, size of brick work, - 5 feet 4 inches by 5 feet 7 inches 
22, do - . 5 feet 8 inches by 5 feet 11 inches 

26, do - - 6 feet inches by 6 feet 3 inches 

Either size can be put up in a cellar that is six feet and six inches in the 
clear. The numbers 19, 22 and 26 give the diameter of the Grate and the 
Magazine of each size respectively. 



8 THE MORNING GLORY. 

SPECIAL NOTICE. 



An intercourse of many years with those dealing in and using 
heating stoves, has convinced me that a majority of persons, 
when purchasing heating stoves, select sizes that are too small 
to heat economically the space required to be heated. It is 
poor economy to save four, or even eight dollars, by taking a 
small size, and afterward discover that it is too small for the 
work required of it. 

The Morning Glory Stoves have been manufactured with a 
view of having them suited to rooms of certain size. For a 
room of ordinary height of ceiling, and taking to cover the 
floor, from 

15 to 20 square yards of carpet, a No. 20 or 21 
20 to 25 " " " " 21 or 22 

25 to 35 " " " " 22 or 23 

35 to 45 " " " " 23 or 24 

45 to 60 " " " « 25 or 26 

Should there be more than the usual number of openings' 
(doors and windows), or any other cause to render the heating 
of the room more than ordinarily difficult, a larger stove than 
indicated should be used. 

I would say to the trade, better lose the sale of a stove, than 
permit one of these stoves to be sold for use in a place where 
you know or have doubts as to its being large enough to heat 
the space required of it. 

Few persons realize that a room 21 feet by 21 -J feet is more 
than twice as large as one 15 by 15, or that one, the ceiling of 
which is 12 feet high, has one-third more cubic feet of space 
than one of the same size and 9 feet ceiling. 

Nos. 26, 28, 30 and 32, High Top, are designed for large 
rooms, halls, stores, etc., and of course, the size used should be 
selected to the size of the room. 

The above remarks are based upon my own experience and 
observation, and are submitted to the trade, with the hope that 
they may have a beneficial effect. 

D. G. LITTLEFIELD, Patentee. 



PREFACE. 



A full discussion of the principles applicable to the combus- 
tion of anthracite or hard coal cannot be entered upon. But to 
meet the requirements of the thousands now seeking for correct 
information, having reference to the Base Burning Stove, the 
writer, who produced that stove, and who has made them a 
speciality for many years, is induced to write a few pages, and 
publish his various patents relating to the Morning Glory 
Stoves ; wherein such information may be found. 

" Self feeding," and semi base burning stoves, as distinguished 
from the common stove, employing no "feeder" had their 
origin many years ago ; but it is well known to the trade, that, 
prior to the date of my inventions, making them what they 
were intended to be, that such stoves, as a class, were of no prac- 
tical value. The series of inventions, some forty in number, 
relating to this class of stoves, that have been produced by the 
writer, are secured hj various Letters Patent, copies of which, 
not herein published, can be found at the Patent Office. 

When, in 1853, the writer devoted his energies to the perfec- 
tion of this class of stoves, they were unknown to the trade in 
this country ; and, so far as to any reliable information, there 
was nothing to be found over and above the common "Maga- 
zine Burner /" a fire-pot, overhung by a "feeder" which 
arrangement had often been 'tried, and as often thrown aside 
as an .imperfect machine; but believing that the principle 
involved in such stoves was in accordance with the correct 
theory, the writer was of the opinion, that such stoves, having 
the necessary invention bestowed upon them, would find a place 
among the things of the household, not afterward to be dis- 
pensed with. 

That this has been fully accomplished, the many thousands 
who are now using the Morning Glory Stoves, will readily 
testify. D. G. LITTLEFIELD. 

2 



10 THE MORNING GLOKY. 

It can in truth be said that the most economical stove is the 
one that produces the most perfect combustion. But few per- 
sons, even among stove manufacturers, have a correct knowledge 
of the 

CHEMISTEY OF COMBUSTION, 

and among those who use stoves there is a more profound 
ignorance on a subject, a correct knowledge of which, it must 
be conceded, would be of vital importance to the community. 

Combustion, whether for producing light or heat, is their 
development by chemical combinations ; and perfect combustion 
should be produced, whether it be in the burning of a candle 
or any of the various fluids for illuminating purposes, or of 
Anthracite and other fuels for heating purposes ; and perfect 
combustion is the combination of the carbon of the combustible, 
with the largest measure of oxygen with which it is capable of 
uniting. 

It is an absurd notion entertained by many persons, that a 
given amount of fuel however burned, will produce only a given 
amount of heat. Nothing can be more untrue than such 
assumption. It might as well be said that a candle gives the 
same light when it needs trimming, or that the lamp does as 
well toward lighting the apartment, when it smokes, as to say 
that Anthracite, when burned in the common stove, will pro- 
duce the same amount of heat as when burned in a Base Burning 
Stove that is constructed in accordance with the correct theory. 

The well known fact in chemistry that chemical combinations 
can only take place in certain definite proportions, ought to be 
understood by every person, viz. : That to produce the poorest 
quality of combustion (and there are only two that can be pro- 
duced, imperfect and perfect) six parts of carbon combines with 
eight parts of oxygen to form carbonic oxide, and that the fuel 
thus consumed, only yields 20* per cent of the heat it is capable 



* A diversity of opinion exists among scientific men as to the amount of 
heat produced by burning to produce carbonic oxide, or carbonic acid. 
Dulong estimates, that burning, to produce carbonic oxide, only produces 20 
per cent ; Andrews, 28 per cent, and Grassi, 43 per cent. Dulong being 
the authority quoted by Professer Bunsen and Dr. Lyon, Playfair, in a 
report on Blast Furnaces (see Report of the British Association for 1845), 
would seem to be the best authority. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 11 

of producing. But as combustion is intensified in the common 
stove, even though it may have a u feeder " applied to it and be 
called a " Base Burster," it is only a part of the fire-pot that 
can by possibility become sumcienty heated to give to a small 
portion of the fuel, such an affinity for oxygen, that eight more 
parts may be taken into the combination, or, in other words, 
producing at that point, the center of the fire-pot only, a perfect 
combustion, while at all other parts of the fire-pot imperfect 
combustion will continue. 

According to that law of chemical combinations which has 
been established since the world began, there is no intermediate 
combination in which six parts of carbon can combine with 
more than eight, and less than sixteen of oxygen. The two 
may be mixed in any intermediate proportion, but not as a 
chemical unity, and, therefore, no heat is produced by the mix- 
ture beyond the degree required to form carbonic oxide, unless 
at the expense of fuel, until the burning is at such an intensity 
(which it cannot be in the common stove, even though a " feeder" 
may have been applied) as will permit the second portion of 
oxygen chemically to enter into the combination. 

Understanding these facts, it will readily be seen, that, with 
such stoves, the first stages of combustion can only produce 
carbonic oxide, and a low degree of heat; and that this is 
always the case, both when starting the fire and when replen- 
ishing with fresh fuel, until the whole quantity is fully ignited, 
after which, if the depth of coal is not too great, the product 
passing from the center of the fire-pot may, by possibility, be 
carbonic acid, but it can only be so at that point, for the reason 
that the exterior coal resting against the sides of the fire-pot, 
and being in no way affected by the heated coal contained in 
the " feeder," is cooled, so that it cannot take up the second 
portion of oxygen ; resulting, temporarily, in a loss after 
starting the fire, as well as after replenishing with fresh fuel, at 
all parts of the fire-pot, to the extent of eighty per cent, if 
Dulong was correct in his estimate, and at all times to the same 
extent, from all portions of the coal ignited which is below the 
temperature required to permit the full proportion of oxygen 
to combine with it. 



12 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



This is a fair statement of the case, being simply truisms well 
known to experts in such matters since the philosophy of com- 
bustion was reduced to a science; and it has also been as 
«learly known to the scientific world, that the common " up 
draught" stove originally intended for burning the various 
kinds of friable and tender fuels which contain a large portion 
of oxygen as a component part, was an unsuitable adaptation 
for burning a solid fuel, containing but little or no oxygen. 
Hence the theory, that, to produce an economical combustion of 
a compact fuel, it must be so heated before it reaches the place 
of combustion, as to give it an affinity for oxygen, and after- 
ward meet it inversely, permitting the gaseous products to pass 
off sidewise, in order to more completely saturate the carbon 
with oxygen from the air — the supporter of combustion — or, in 
other words, to insure a more perfect combustion. 

Out of this theory grew the " Magazine Stove" composed 
of three active parts or elements, viz. : 

A fire-pot ( A ) or place where the fuel is 
burned, overhung by a magazine (B) to 
contain a supply of reserve fuel, and a sur- 
rounding chamber (C) made vacuous by 
its connection with the chimney flue, and 
through which the products of combustion 
were transmitted, known only as a "Magazine 
Stove" prior to the date of my inventions. 
An expert, speaking of such construction 
as a principle, or mode of operation, would 
say, that, inasmuch as it was intended to 
^ contain an oversupply of fuel, its action 
was intended to be regulated by the air sup- 
plied at the base, and so constructed as to ignite but little fuel, 
and burn it at a more elevated temperature, and that the primary 
object of such construction, was to prepare the cold fuel for a 
more perfect combustion by heating it, and thus giving it a 
greater affinity for oxygen before it should descend to the place 
of combustion. A purpose far different from that of suspend- 
ing a small tube over a fire-pot to serve simply as a "feeder" 
or to so construct a magazine that it can only contain the solid 




THE MORNING GLORY. 13 

fuel, and permit the volatile to pass off through its sides, or 
from its open top, and go to waste. 

It must be apparent that nothing could be more simple than 
to put the stove above represented in operation ; only requiring 
the necessary kindlings in the fire-pot, the magazine filled with 
fuel, and the fire lighted by holding a lighted taper in the ash 
pit so that the flame would be drawn up through the grate at 
the bottom, igniting the kindlings, and they in turn the solid 
fuel, the products passing through the chamber surrounding 
the magazine to the chimney flue. 

Stoves of this character were constructed in England many 
years ago ; and many will remember that substantially the same 
construction was manufactured and sold at Albany some 30 years 
ago, by the late Dr. Nott, and known as the "Nott Stove." 

It is well known that the " Nott Stove," notwithstanding its 
great popularity at the time, and for several years afterward, 
was practically a failure, and long since ceased to be regarded 
as of value. One of the works of this truly great man, was an 
attempt to teach the people how to burn coal, and it is to him I 
am indebted for my own information on this subject, far more 
than to all other persons ; but his stove, like those that had been 
made before that time, having one great defect which its con- 
structor failed to discover, was compelled to succumb at last, 
and, like its predecessors, be known in the books only, which lie 
dusty with age upon the shelves of our libraries. 

The "Nott Stove," as also the original magazine burner, 
was intended to ignite but little fuel, and to burn it at a high 
temperature regulated by the supply of air at the base, but it 
was faulty in that it afforded access to air, also from above 
entering the magazine through the unavoidable crevices around 
its cover, and passing thence downward through it to the fire. 
This downward current was increased both in volume and rap- 
idity by reducing the supply at the base, and could be checked 
only by the objectionable means of partially closing the smoke- 
pipe. The disturbance thus introduced, precluding any effective 
control of the action of the stove, was itself sufficient to insure 
its ultimate failure. At least this was my theory at the outset ; 
and time has proved that it was a correct one. 



14 



THE MOENING GLORY. 



If it be asked why it was with such stoves that more or less 
air was constantly passing down through the .supply coal, the 
reply is by referring to the fact that to heat a combustible is to 
give it an affinity for oxygen so that air is drawn toward it ; 
and the fuel being cold when placed in the magazine, its inter- 
stices were unavoidably filled with atmospheric air. The fuel 
in the fire-pot being heated, such air was attracted to and passed 
to the fire-pot. And as the cover opening to its magazine could 
not be made absolutely air tight, more or less air would pass in 
under it to fill the place of that among the supply coal which 
necessarily passed to the burning fuel. Hence it will be seen 
that, with such constructions, there was at all times more or 
less atmospheric air mingling with the supply coal, and from 
that direction, passing to the fire-pot, when it should only have 
been permitted to pass thereto at the base. 

As the objects of my inventions have been to improve and 
make valuable this class of stoves, it follows that my stoves 
employ the same elements, viz. : A fire-pot, overhung, not by a 
simple "feeder" but by a preparing magazine for reserve fuel, 
and a vacuous chamber to receive the products of combustion 
from the fire-pot and transmit them to the chimney flue, varying in 
their combination from the stoves referred to, in that said chamber 
is so constructed as to inclose the cover opening to the magazine. 

THE MORNING GLORY. 

It will be observed that in this stove the 
exterior chamber incloses the cover opening 
to its magazine, forming by means of the 
exit flue leading to the chimney, a vacuous 
chamber to surround said cover, and there- 
by insure the proper action of the stove. 
When thus constructed, it is impossible for 
any atmospheric air which may find its 
way into said chamber, to gain access to the 
magazine, for the reason that the vacuous 
space thus formed by the chimney flue has 
. . ^v more power to draw it in that direction, 

"- -^ than the heated fuel has to take it in under 

the cover to its magazine. 




THE MORNING GLORY. 15 

In the practical use of The Morning Glory, it has been 
found that its great utility consists in its ability to accumulate 
within its magazine, a volatile combustible, taken up from that 
portion of the fuel highly heated, but not in a state of ignition. 
Such accumulation from the fullness of the magazine passes 
down to the fire-pot, where it meets the air coming up through 
the grate, at the base, when its combustion takes place. In- 
tensifying the heat at that point, and causing the coal at the 
base, and at the exterior surfaces, to be the first portions con- 
sumed to ashes, making, in fact, a Base Burning Stove. 

To exhibit more clearly the difference in the action of The 
Morning Glory, and the before mentioned constructions, it 
may be said that in starting the fire, they are identical. So, 
too, with the condition of the supply coal when placed therein, 
in each having its interstices filled with atmospheric air which 
passed therein with the coal. So, also, that the air among the 
supply coal is attracted to, and passes to the burning fuel. At 
this point the parallel ceases ; and for the reason, that there is 
a radical change in their construction. With the former, a 
new supply of air would pass into its magazine under the cover 
opening thereto, more or less, in proportion to its tightness ; 
whereas, with The Morning Glory, none can pass therein, 
simply for the reason that the chimney flue has more power to 
take it in that direction than the heated fuel has to take it in 
under the cover to its magazine. 

The practical advantages of The Morning Glory will be 
appreciated when it is understood, that, inasmuch as the before 
mentioned constructions could not be regulated by the air sup- 
ply at the base, they could not be made to burn continuously, 
for the reason, that the air, more or less, passing down from the 
top caused combustion to take place at the center of the supply 
coal, and at a point remote from the base, thereby causing ashes 
and slag to accumulate at a point far above the base, so that, 
in a short time, the fire-pot would become clogged with refuse 
matter and half burnt coals, which could not be removed with- 
out first removing the partially consumed coals upon the grate. 
Whereas, with The Morning Glory, atmospheric air can only 
reach the magazine when supplying coal thereto, and which 



16 THE MORNING GLORY. 

passes to the burning fuel, the chimney flue, by its connection 
with the chamber surrounding the magazine, preventing the 
passage of air thereto, when the stove is in operation, so that 
the magazine (atmospheric air being excluded) becomes a per- 
fect receiver. Receiving from the heated fuel a volatile pro- 
duct, which is combustible ; filling the interstices of the supply 
coal with such combustible, down to a point in the fire-pot where 
it meets the air coming up through the grate, where it burns, 
causing active combustion at the base and the exterior surfaces, 
and, as before written, converting the "Magazine Stove " into a 
Base Burning Stove. 

The Morning Glory, is an engine of combustion, composed 
of certain correct principles of construction, the object of which 
have been to produce what should be in fact a Base Burning 
Stove. That it has been brought to a high state of perfection, 
all will admit. And that such a stove must necessarily be 
economical, must be self-evident ; for as the .candle when neatly 
trimmed, gives more light as the result of a more perfect burn- 
ing of its carbon, so will Anthracite give more heat, when its 
carbonaceous properties are more thoroughly consumed. 

It will be observed that I was the first to so organize the 
Magazine Stove, that it could burn at the base only. And hav- 
ing accomplished this, together with further invention relating 
to this class of stoves, I sought for a term to distinguish my 
inventions from those which were old and well known. Hence 
originated the term " Base Burner" It was supposed that I 
should be able to enjoy the exclusive right to use this term as a 
trade mark ; but it was afterward found that the Law in that 
respect, ^did not protect the right to use any words as a trade 
mark, that are descriptive of the article to be sold under it. 

The purpose of this pamphlet is to impart certain facts relat- 
ing to my inventions, to which the public are entitled. As to the 
terms " Base Burner" and " Base Burning" there is probably 
no words in the English language so improperly used as these 
are at the present time, and it is but a simple act of fairness on 
my part, to ventilate this matter. It is true that my legal right 
is not infringed when other manufacturers, influenced by their 
popularity, make use of these terms. But when they are applied, 



THE MORNING GLORY. 17 

as is the case, to stoves, that in principle of construction were 
in existence prior to the date of my inventions ; and to those 
that made no pretentions as Base Burners, then injustice is 
done. No stove which employs a magazine, simply to serve as 
a "feeder " to supply coal to a fire-pot, is, or can, with truth, 
be called a Base Burner. And certainly, a stove, that will 
permit all the coal contained in its magazine to become ignited, 
or a stove that does not employ my inventions, has no moral 
right to put on the habiliments of a Base Burner, and claim 
popular favor for that reason. 

A Base Burning Stove is precisely such a stove as I have 
described it ; and every stove claiming to be such, which does not 
correspond with this description, assumes to be what it is not. 

The heating power of a Base Burning Stove depends upon 
the size of the magazine, and its proper adjustment to the 
u fire-pot " or " furnace " below it. These two elements should 
be so adapted to each other as to ignite but little coal, compared 
with the quantity the magazine is to contain. The magazine 
must be practically air-tight, so that it may be filled, not only 
with coal, %ut with gases generated therefrom. The magazine 
and furnace should be so adapted to each other as to make it 
necessary to build the fire below the magazine ; when, as the 
coal is consumed, that above settles, not out laterally as in the 
"Bogus " Base Burners, but down as in the Morning Glory, 
to supply its place. With such an organization, a fire may be 
started with the frost of autumn, and supplying the magazine 
and shaking down the ashes daily, will continue for the winter. 
A " millgrate " (used in no other stove beside the Morning 
Glory) will grind up the matter that cannot be burned ; and if 
the lower end of the magazine (which must necessarily be the 
most intensely heated part of the stove) is composed of fire- 
brick, or some other non-combustible and slowly conducting 
material, the coal will be perfectly consumed ; giving all its heat, 
and none going to hodsfull of cinders and half-burnt coal, as it 
does in the<" Bogus" Base Burners, where the fire-pot alone is 
the seat of power ; and the magazine is used only as a "feeder;" 
and is composed of cast iron, which melts at a temperature far 
"below that produced by the perfect combustion of anthracite. 
3 



18 



THE MORNING GLORY. 
THE MORNING GLORY OF 18G8. 




In this pattern of The Morning Glory, several new and 
important features have been embodied, added to which is my 
recent invention of a new mode of constructing its case : form- 
ing it of doors, hung by a concealed hinge, and so that they 
may be dropped to a horizontal position upon every side, when 
required for mounting them with mica, or for cleaning the mica 
when the stove is in operation. This new case can only be 
seen to be admired. This stove, like the stove of 1866, is made 
entirely of cast iron, so fitted as to be air-tight, but can be 
made with sheet iron upper section when preferred by the pur- 
chaser. Its ornamental finish is drapery, making it a handsome 
piece of furniture, far more so than any stove heretofore made. 
Its internal construction, though resembling some of the former 
patterns of The Morning Glory, is quite different,; making it 
more durable, and far less difficult to be repaired. The castings 
are of the highest order, fully equaling the finest castings made 
in this country. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 19 

When constructing the patterns for this stove, and the alter- 
ations of this season, they were so made that sheet iron might 
be used as heretofore ; but the writer is of the opinion that 
there are many reasons why the cast iron top is preferable. 
The non-liability to rust, the safety in shipping and handling, 
the increased heating surface, declare for the cast top, which 
made its first appearance upon the Morning Glory of 1866. 
Besides this new mode of manufacture, this stove is full of 
novelty, leading to simplicity of construction ; so much so, that 
any person can replace the parts destroyed by fire, without the 
use of any tools, except a screw driver to draw the short bolts 
holding the top plate in place ; the removal of which, permits 
all the interior parts to be removed and replaced by any person, 
however unskilled. 

HOW TO USE THEM. 

See that they are perfect ; that the mica windows are properly 
fitted, and that the dust register is dosed. See that the pipe is 
properly fitted, and that there is no other opening to the same 
flue left open. 

STARTING THE EIRE. 

Proceed as with any stove, have it burn slowly at first ; leave 
the reservoir cover open when igniting the kindlings to avoid 
smoking the windows. Supply hard coal at first in small 
quantity, and when once ignited, fill the reservoir full and close 
its cover, and keep it closed at all times, except when it becomes 
necessary to supply coal. If this cover is left open, or opened 
to hasten the action of the stove or furnace, it permits the 
whole mass of coal to become ignited, 

SPECIAL ! ! ! 

and will destroy the interior portions of the stove by burning 
them up, and cause the coal to waste away the same as in a 
common stove. 

ESCAPE OP GAS. 

To refill with coal, which should be attended to before all 
the coal in the magazine has become ignited, the reservoir cover 
should be first opened. This cuts off all communication between 
the smoke pipe and fire pot, and at the same time forms a direct 
communication between the opened top of the magazine and 



20 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



the chimney, so that the retained gases instantly pass thereto, 
when the outer cover may be safely opened. After supply- 
ing coal, first close the outer cover, then the reservoir cover. 
This organization, found necessary to prevent the escape of gas 
to the room when supplying coal, was patented in December, 
1862. The Morning Glory is the only stove in market in 
which it is employed. There are other stoves in market, that, 
by a Jesuitical method of advertising, would have it appear 
that this invention is therein employed. Such pretense, so far 
as the public are mislead by it, is simply a fraud. 

REKINDLING* 

When the fire is out from neglect to supply coal, do not dump 
the grate, but shake out the ashes, and kindle on the old coal 
the same as on the grate in the first instance, which can be done 
with ease, unless the quantity remaining more than fills the pot, 
in which case, shake out a portion until the depth is only from 
four to six inches, which will ignite from the top and burn down 
to the bottom. 

PERPETUAL BURNING. 

To keep the fire over night, shake out the ashes and slag by 
means of the " Mill Grate," 




which is not used in any stove excepting The Morning Glory. 
See that the reservoir is well supplied with coal, and that the 
dust register is closed. Nearly close the draft registers, and 
open the cold air regulator on the top cover, as may be required 



THE MORNIKG GLOEY. 21 

by the draft of the chimney, so as to permit cold air to pass in 

at the top, which will cool the stove and cause the coal to burn 

slowly during the night, and the fire to be in fine condition in 

the morning. 

size or coal. 

Small coal must be used: Say for stoves Nos. 20, 21 and 22, 
Chestnut or Nut size; 23 and 24, Nut size; 25, 26, 28, 30, 
and 32 Small Stove size. Never select the 6ize of coal by look- 
ing at the grate, it being a " Mill Grate," and not open across 
its entire surface, permits a large opening at the center. More 
coal will pass through the grate and be wasted when too large 
for the size of the stove than when it is quite small, owing to 
the fact that, if the coal is too large, combustion ceases after a 
time, immediately above and upon the grate ; and such imper- 
fectly burned coals are milled through with the ashes and slag ; 
if it be of the proper size none will pass through after starting 
the first fire. 

Names not to designate the size of coal in all cases. 
These directions are adapted for the city of Albany ; adopting 
the names used by coal dealers to indicate the sizes of coals sold 
by them ; but, inasmuch as in various parts of the country, the 
name used here would sometimes give a larger size, the annexed 
cuts are given to show the proper size, so that parties using these 
stoves can select the size required, by referring to the cuts 
which are of the exact size best adapted for The Morning Glory 
Stoves. 



22 



THE MORNING GLORY, 




SMALL EGG, OR STOVE SIZE. 




NUT SIZE. 




CHESTNUT SIZE. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Fifteen years ago the writer came to Albany, a city somewhat 
celebrated for its extensive stove manufactories. At that time 
Base Burning Stoves were practically unknown to the people 
of this country. My first attempt, which was in 1853, to pro- 
duce such a stove will be remembered by many, also the result 
of such effort. Also, that in 1854, ^55, there was no stove so 
odious and little cared for by manufacturers of stoves, as " The 
Littlefield Stove," being universally condemned by them as 
unfit to be made. But while these things will be remembered, it 
will also be remembered that I was of the opinion, and so acted, 
that the Base Burning Stove should finally be the most popu- 
lar stove in market. And, while those who are now following 
in my wake were laughing at my attempt to resuscitate a prin- 
ciple so clearly dead, in their opinion, I continued my efforts to 
perfect this most valuable stove, and to find parties who would 
engage with me in their manufacture. In 1855 not a single 
Base Burning Stove was made in this country, except by myself, 
and for experimental purposes; but, in 1856, I succeeded in 
making an arrangement with a well known house at Albany, 
but, outside of the regular stove makers ; when I began to suc- 
ceed. From that time until now Base Burning Stoves have 
been growing in public favor, and, so much so, that a large 
number of the stove makers have discovered that such stoves 
have indeed become very popular, and that it will pay to have 
in their sample rooms some kind of a stove which they can call 
a u Base Burner," which is easy to accomplish, it being an 
easy matter to copy some old English or French stove, or 
apply a "feeder " to the common stove, and by mixing with 
such an idea a moiety of my thunder and calling them " Base 
Burners," they will sell, as a matter of course, and for the 
reason that the great mass of community have a very imper- 



24 THE MORNING GLORY. 

feet - knowledge of the principles of construction necessary to be 
embodied in the production of a truly Base Burning Stove. 

It is ludicrous to hear some of these manufacturers talk. 
They " have always been opposed to Base Burning stoves ;" 
have "thought, and still think them wrong in principle ;" but 
as there is a u great demand for Base Burners, feel compelled 
to make them." And more ludicrous still, to see how easy 
some of these manufacturers, without any experience in such 
matters, can get up " a perfect " Base Burner. More so to 
me, being so unfortunate as to have worked diligently in this 
matter for fifteen years, and can still see chances for improve- 
ment. But the most laughable incident connected with these 
so called Base Burners occurred some two months since at 
Troy. Being informed that a responsible house of that city 
were getting up a stove that was to resemble the Morning 
Glory, I called upon them ; and making known my business, 
was assured that I would have no cause to complain ; as they 
should take particular pains to avoid infringement. And evi- 
dently with a purpose to doubly assure me, explained that 
neither of their firm had a knowledge sufficient to get up a Base 
Burner; but to comply with the demands of their customers, 
they had concluded to make one. That they had consulted Mr. 

, pattern maker (of Troy), who assured them that he 

knew how to make such a stove without infringement; and that 
they had employed said pattern maker to get them up such a 
set of patterns. Their explanation was satisfactory; and I 
could but admire their frankness, but at the same time I could 
but think that these gentlemen should either pursue their ordi- 
nary business, or learn what a Base Burning Stove really is, 
before undertaking their manufacture. With their knowledge 
on the subject, it is very evident that they will be ready, as 
others have, to cry " Excelsior" or "Morning Light," if 
they even succeed in keeping fire over night. 

I am aware that it is not in good taste to deal in personali- 
ties, and the reader should not so regard these remarks. I 
have some rights ; and if I let matters go on without protest, 
I shall, myself, be regarded as an interloper; having no rights 
that stove manufacturers " are bound to respect." 



THE MORNING GLORY. 25 

My purpose in publishing the patents relating to the Morn- 
ing Glory Stoves, is to place within the reach of all, informa- 
tion that will at least be harmless, if it does no good. But I am 
in hopes that very many will take the trouble to examine them, 
and with a view to learn the purpose of my various inventions. 

The following patents refer to, and were granted for, inven- 
tions embodied in these stoves. First the 

LETTERS PATENT OP DECEMBER 9th, 1862. 

4 



26 



THE MORNING GLORY. 
THE JTCOf&NING GLORY OF 1868. 




r£/}GV?aHMJSAML 



THE MOUSING GLORY. 27 



No. 2612. 

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

TO ALL TO WHOM THESE LETTERS PATENT SHALL COME : 

WHEREAS, Dennis G. Littlefield, of Albany, New 
York, has alleged that he has invented a new and useful Base 
Burning Stove (for which Letters Patent were issued to him 
dated December 9, 1862, and antedated November 26, 1862, 
which letters having been surrendered by him, the same have 
been cancelled, and new letters ordered to issue to him on an 
amended specification), which he states has not been known or 
used before such invention ; has made oath that he is a citizen 
of the United States ; that he does verily believe that he is the 
original and first inventor or discoverer of the said invention, 
and that the same hath not to the best of his knowledge and 
belief been previously known or used ; has paid into the treas- 
ury of the United States the sum of thirty dollars, and presented 
a petition to the Commissioner of Patents praying that a patent 
may be issued therefor. 

These are therefore to grant according to law to the said 
Dennis G. Littlefield, his heirs, administrators or assigns for 
the term of seventeen years from the twenty-sixth day of No- 
vember, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, the full and 
exclusive right and liberty of making, constructing, using and 
vending to others to be used the said invention, a description 
whereof is given in the schedule hereunto annexed and made a 
part of these presents. 

In testimony vshereof I have caused these Letters to be made 
Patent and the seal of the Patent Office to be hereunto 
affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Washing- 
ton, this fourteenth day of May in the year of our Lord 
[l. s.] one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, and of the 
independence of the United States of America the ninety- 
first. W. f. OTTO, Act. Sec'y of the Interior. 
T. 0. THEAKER, Commis'r of Patents. 

Countersigned and sealed with ) 
the seal of the Patent Office, f 



28 



THE MORNING GLORY. 

Fi £- I- Fig. 3. 






Fig. 2. 



Fisr. 5. 





THE MORNING GLORY. 29 

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. 

DENNIS G. LITTLEFIELD, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK. 

Letters Patent JSTo. 37,103, dated December 9, 1862 ; antedated 
November 26, 1862 ; reissue JVb. 2,612, dated May 14, 1867. 

BASE BURNING STOVE. 

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making 

part of the same. 

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN I 

Be it known that I, Dennis G. Littlefield, of the city of 
Albany, and State of New York, have invented certain new 
and useful improvements in a well-known class of stoves, which 
I denominate Magazine Coal-Burners ; and I do hereby declare 
the following to be a full and exact description of the same, 
reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of 
this specification, in which — 

Figure 1 is a vertical section central from front to back of a 
burner comprising my invention. 

Figure 2 is a transverse section at line 1 of fig. 1, showing 
the annular floor/*/ of the hollow space E E E, enclosed by 
the outer case M M, fig. 1, and also what I call the m|ll-grate 
BAB. 

Figure 3 is a transverse section of the part of the burner 
between line 1 and line 2 of fig. 1, where combustion takes 
place, and which I call the furnace, directly over which is placed 
what I call the fuel-magazine H, fig. 1. 

Figure 4 is a vertical section, central from side to side of the 
upper part of the burner, showing more distinctly its structure. 

Figure 5 presents an open view of the part of the burner 
above line 4, fig. 1, showing its internal structure. 

The object of my invention is so to construct these invaluable 
burners as to bring into more effective operation certain princi- 
ples of dynamics and esthetics conducive to their design, and 
thereby the more perfectly to adapt them to their purposes ; 
and I now proceed to point out their defects and imperfections, 
and to describe the devices by which I propose to remedy them. 
Those who are familiar with my further inventions made since 



30 THE MORNING GLORY. 

the date of ray patent of 1862, of which this is a reissue, will 
not fail to see in the inventions intended to be secured by that 
patent, as herein more fully and exactly described, the origin 
and beginning of the series of original inventions which culmi- 
nated in ''The Morning Glory of 1866." The effective elements 
which characterize this class of burners consist of, first, the 
apparatus for burning coal, which, as already stated, I denomi- 
nate the furnace ; secondly, the fuel-magazine ; and thirdly, the 
surrounding hollow space through which the heat generated by 
combustion, circulates, and from the surfaces of which it radi- 
ates to produce the desired warmth. 

First. The air-supplying grate at the bottom of the furnace 
ought to be so constructed as to allow the removal therefrom 
of the slate and other incombustible substances which accumu- 
late therein, without extinguishing the fire. 

Second. When, as in the burner shown in the drawings, the 
furnace is surrounded by the same chamber which receives 
the heated products of combustion therefrom, more direct anr 1 
enlarged radiation from the burning coal would be highly bene- 
ficial b} r increasing the heating power, and by the more equal 
diffusion of heat through the surrounding chamber. 

Third. To the same end, and that more heat may be commu- 
nicated to all parts of the surrounding chamber, the outer case 
requires to be so constructed as to become more intensely heated, 
both by the direct radiation from the furnace, and from the hot 
products of combustion proceeding therefrom, and diffusing 
themselves over the interior surface of the case. 

Fourth. For the double purpose of securing a better outer 
illumination, and a more beneficial diffusion of the heat radiating 
from the outer surface of the case, it is important to give to it 
such a form and so to dispose the windows that the light may 
be reflected upward, as well, to a sufficient extent, horizontally, 
and that a portion of the heat should be reflected downward. 

Fifth. Coal-burners of this class, when in operation, generate 
and retain in their fuel-magazine highly inflammable mixtures, 
varying in quantity according to the quality of the coal and to 
the proportion of moisture it contains; and the sudden inter- 
mixture of these gases with atmospheric air will cause explosions. 



THE MORNING GLOKY. 31 

Hence it becomes important, when the magazine is to be opened 
for the purpose of replenishing it, first to free it from such gases. 

Sixth. The burner should be so constructed that when in 
operation no atmospheric air can enter the fuel-magazine ; and 
to this end some provision is indispensable for carrying off, 
through the exit flue, any air that may find entrance at the top 
of the burner. 

Seventh. The burner should be so constructed that the hot 
products of combustion emitted from the furnace shall have 
room for immediate expansion ; that they shall be retained at 
the point of expansion long enough to part with a large share 
of their heat;. and that they shall then pass upward into a 
gradually contracting part of the chamber; because, by this 
means, they will be made to impart an increased and more 
uniform degree of heat to the transmitting case. 

Eighth. For the purpose of giving to the burner the highest 
degree of efficiency, and of saving fuel, it should be so con- 
structed that the hot products of combustion will be forced 
into full contact with all parts of the surrounding case through- 
out its whole extent, including its front and its extreme upper 
and rear portions, and then be turned downward to the exit 
flue. 

Ninth. When to be used for warming the apartment in which 
it is placed, the burner should be so constructed as to transmit 
the largest share of its heat from the front, and a portion of it 
toward the floor of the apartment. 

Tenth. When to be used for the last-mentioned purpose, the 
burner should be so constructed that bits of coal accidentally 
dropped upon the floor, or any refuse matter, may be readily 
and conveniently got rid of by depositing them in the maga 
zine ; and for this purpose should be provided with a sliding 
cover over the magazine, upon which, on opening the outer 
cover, such bits of coal or refuse matter may be thrown, and, 
after replacing the outer cover, be projected into the magazine 
by simply drawing the sliding cover. 

I proceed next to specify and describe more particularly the 
devices by which I propose to accomplish the useful purposes I 
have enumerated. 



32 THE MORNING GLORY. 

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents the burner 
from base to apex, inclusive. The base contains the ash-pit G, 
with one or more doors having register openings to regulate 
the admission of air to support combustion, and may also, at 
pleasure, be furnished with an ash-pan. My purpose in contract- 
ing the diameter or the base gradually upward is to facilitate 
the enlargement of the outer case opposite to the furnace ; the 
great utility of which will be pointed out in the sequel. At 
line 1, fig. 1, the furnace D rests upon and is supported by an 
angular plate,//. This plate is held in place by brackets pro- 
jecting under it from the inner sides of the plates forming the 
ash-pit. The plate // has resting upon it plate c c, encircling 
the bottom of the furnace, and having openings through it cor- 
responding with openings in the plate //, and being movable 
by a lever inserted in a socket, g, therein. The two plates 
together form a register, whereby a passage may, at pleasure, 
be opened from the ash-pit to the chamber E E E. This regis- 
ter is subservient to three purposes: to carry off, by. means of 
the draught upward through it when opened, the floating dust 
while shaking down the ashes and slag from the furnace ; to 
cool the burner, when overheated, by the admission of a current 
of cold air into the chambers E E E, the doors of the ash-pit 
being in the mean time open ; and to let out the ashes carried 
into this chamber by the current through the grate at the bot- 
tom of the furance, and deposited on the register, which, as it 
will be seen, forms the floor of the chamber. The mill-grate 
BAB, fig. 1, is constructed as follows : It consists of two parts. 
Its central part A is fixed, and has bars a a projecting from its 
periphery, as shown in fig. 2. Outside of this part there is a 
movable annular grate, B B, having a reciprocating movement 
around it. Projecting from the inner periphery of this grate, 
towards and nearly to the projecting bars a a above described, 
there are similar bars b b. This outer grate is rotated by means 
of a lever inserted in the usual manner, by which process slate 
and other incombustible matter is broken into small pieces 
between the bars b b and the bars a a, and falling through the 
grate is thus eliminated from the furnace without emptying it. 
The whole grate combined, however, is, or may be, made to tilt 



THE MORNING GLOEY. 33 

in the usual manner. It is made, in a greater or less degree 
concave, in order that the incombustible matter may, in the 
process of grinding, move towards the centre. If thought 
advisable, the outer periphery of the grate BAB may also be 
denticulated-notched, as shown in fig. 2. The lower part of the 
furnace is so shaped as to form mouths or combustion outlets 
dd around its whole periphery, flaring outward from the bottom 
upward, as shown in figs. 1 and 3, instead of side perforations 
heretofore used in several well-known stoves of this class, in 
which the furnace is surrounded by the same chamber which 
receives the products of combustion evolved from the burning 
fuel. The number of these outlets varies according to the size 
of the furnace. Over and partially within them are placed bars 
h h, fig. 3, of soap-stone or other suitable material, directly upon 
which rests the fuel-magazine H, fig. 1. These bars are sever- 
ally held in place by thin plates 1 1, forming a part of the iron 
casting or otherwise affixed to it, and project upward between 
the ends of the bars, as shown in fig. 1, so that the bars are 
severally removable for repairs without injury to the rest. 
These bars forming a bridge, as it were, across the outlets, and 
running in direct line from point to point, tend to enlarge the 
outlets and to increase the radiation upward from the burning 
fuel to the chamber E E E, while at the same time they serve 
to contract the outlet from the magazine H, as shown in fig. 1, 
and by affording a partial support to the reserve coal, to pre- 
vent it from pressing too heavily upon the coal at the point 
where the most active combustion is intended to take place, 
which being thus left free from undue compression, radiates an 
intense heat upward and outward. The outer sloping sides of 
the combustion outlets are lined with soap-stone or fire-brick, 
either at the top only, as shown in the drawings, or entirely 
from top to bottom, as may be preferred. They may also, for 
greater durability, be lined on the sides, and even the whole 
interior may be lined throughout with soap-stone, fire-brick, or 
other slowly-conducting material. The direction given to these 
outlets being such as to permit the radiation of heat to the 
upper portions of the chamber E E E, while the surface radia- 
tion is to the lower part of the chamber, the action of the heat 

5 



34 THE MORNING GLOEY. 

evolved is rendered more effective, and a highly beneficial 
result, otherwise unattainable by means of such inclosed fur- 
naces, is obtained. The magazine H may be cylindrical, as 
shown in the drawing, and should rise to such height as to give 
to it the requisite capacity, if replenished morning and evening, 
or twice, at nearly equal intervals, in twenty-four hours, to 
insure a uniform, uninterrupted, and sufficient supply of fuel, 
already heated (as it must be in any burner), in its gradual 
descent to the place of combustion. The burner is covered at 
the top by the plate Q, fig. 1, having a large central opening 
closed by the cover R. The top of the magazine H is covered 
by the plate u, which forms the floor of the chamber I, fig. 4. 
It extends beyond the margin of the magazine to the outer case, 
and thus becomes the floor also of the horizontal flue K formed 
by the extension upward of the exterior case, the walls of the 
chamber I, and the top plate Q in contact with them. This flue 
is connected with the chamber E E E by the aperture o, figs. 1 
and 5, through the front part of the plate v, and passes on each 
side of the chamber I, from this aperture to the descending flue 
P, fig. 1. The flue P is connected with the plate v, and extends 
downward at least somewhat below the top of the magazine H, 
and there connects with the smoke pipe L, thus perfecting a 
continuous passage from the grate at the bottom of the furnace 
to the smoke pipe. The plate v has a large aperture, n, fig. 5, 
from the chamber I, through which coal is supplied to the maga- 
zine. It is closed by a sliding cover, N, fig. 5, and correspond- 
ing in width with the aperture o, closes it when drawn forward 
to open the aperture n to replenish the magazine, and thus shuts 
out the heated products of combustion from the flue K, and 
turns them back to find a new passage up through the magazine 
to the chamber I, and thence over the back wall of this chamber, 
cut down for the purpose, to the exit flue P, whence, the outer 
cover R, fig. 1, remaining in the mean time closed, they pass off 
without danger of explosion. But although the primary object 
of this arrangement is to guard against puffs and explosions on 
opening the magazine, there are also other important advantages 
secured by it : First, the heated products of combustion are 
brought, by means of it to the front of the burner on their 



THE MORNING GLORY. 35 

passage to the flue K, instead of being carried, as they other- 
wise would be, in undue proportions in their direct passage 
from the chamber E E E to the rear, where heat is less needed, 
and its radiation would generally be impeded by proximity to 
a warm chimney or wall, and a portion of it consequently lost. 
This construction, it will therefore be seen, is conducive to a 
better diffusion of heat, and to an increase of its efficiency. 
Secondly, the gate-like cut-off or sliding cover N is highly con- 
ducive to convenience by affording an easy mode of conveying, 
from the chamber I to the magazine, whatever it is desirable so 
to dispose of, thus avoiding the necessity, otherwise unavoid- 
able, of raising two covers to gain access to the magazine, or 
of opening a door and then lifting a cover to accomplish the 
same purpose. The outer case in its ascent above the line of 
its broadest expansion opposite to the furnace, it will be seen 
(fig. 1), deflects gradually inward, assuming a dome-like form 
until it reaches the point at ?w, and thence continues with a 
gradually diminishing diameter to its upper termination. The 
beneficial effect resulting from this form is threefold : first, by 
the inclination thus given to the case it is brought more nearly 
over the furnace, and the heat and light thrown obliquely there- 
from strike more nearly at right angles upon the surface of the 
case, and consequently with greater force and effect than if 
the case rose perpendicularly; secondly, the broad extension 
of the lower part of the case affords ample room for the required 
expansion, and its immediate contraction secures the requisite 
detention (as already explained) of the hot products of combus- 
tion proceeding from the furnace ; and, lastly, the whole struc- 
ture is made to present itself to the eye under a graceful and 
beautiful form. 

Those skilled in the art will, I trust, readily see the best 
modes of carrying my invention into practice, and I will now 
proceed to explain the management and operation of a stove 
such as I have described it. 

Preparatory to kindling the fire the sliding cover N is to be 
drawn forward, as shown in fig. 5, for the purpose of giving exit 
to the smoke through the magazine IT, and thereby preventing 
it from sullying the windows. After lighting the kindlings and 



36 THE MORNING GLOKY. 

leaving them to burn long enough for their smoke to pass off, 
the magazine H is to be filled with coal and the cover N 
returned to its place. As combustion proceeds all the coal up 
to a line just above the outlets d d becomes ignited. The pro- 
ducts of imperfect combustion, as they accumulate in the maga- 
zine H, pass downward to the outlets, where they burn, and 
thereby aid in keeping up a vivid combustion at that point, 
while, by their close proximity to the incandescent coal upon 
the grate BAB, they help also to maintain combustion there, 
and having been thus utilized and spent, they pass to the 
enlarged part of the chamber E E E. Here all the hot products 
of combustion issuing from the furnace expand, and having, 
during their detention, expended a share of their heat and 
become contracted in volume, they pass thence up into the 
remaining space around the magazine, and to the front of the 
burner, and through the aperture o to the flue K, and thence 
along both sides of the chamber I, and in contact with the top 
plate Q, to the rear of the burner, thence turning downward to 
the flue P, fig. 1, they pass off through the smoke pipe L. As 
the process of combustion advances the power of the burner is 
gradually evolved in all its surpassing force, conducting, radiat- 
ing, and reflecting heat from all its surfaces. From the flaring 
portion of the case M 1 , the heat radiating in a direct line from 
its surface warms the floor of the room throughout a circle 
described by a line running from the upper extremity of the 
flaring surface at right angles with it to the floor. From the 
part of the surface next above to m,, fig. 1, by the leaning posi- 
tion given to the windows surrounding the case at the line 
indicated by M 2 , fig. 1, they are made to shed their light 
upward, and thus to illuminate the whole apartment. 

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters 
Patent, is — 

1. The mill-grate BAB, constructed and operating substan- 
tially as and for the purpose herein described. 

2. I also claim the flaring portion of the outer case M 1 , in 
combination with the furnace D, substantially as and for the 
purposes described. 



THE MORNING GLOKY. 37 

3. I also claim the furnace D, opening into and in combina- 
tion with the chamber E E E, and so constructed as to emit 
both light and heat from the burning coal in an upward direc- 
tion, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 

4. I also claim, in combination with the subject-matter of my 
third claim, the plates f fa,n& c c, which form the floor of the 
chamber E E E, and a register opening from the ash-pit, sub- 
stantially as and for the purposes set forth. 

5. I also claim the compelling of the draught from the grate 
while the fire is kindling, and previous to and during the pro- 
cess of replenishing the magazine, to pass through the magazine 
for the purposes specified, by the means I have devised, or by 
any analogous devices. 

6. I also claim the chamber I, communicating with the flue 
P, whereby air finding admission through the aperture over 
which rests the cover R, passes at once to the exit flue, as 
specified. 

V. I also claim the divided flue K around the chamber I, and 
forming a communication between the chamber E E E and 
the flue P, whereby the products of combustion are drawn 
to the smoke pipe and chimney, and the heat rendered more 
effective by its proper diffusion within the burner, as herein set 
forth. 

8. I also claim the plate v, forming the top of the magazine, 
and projecting out over it to the outer case, and having apert- 
ures o, at the front side, and another w, into the flue P, as 
described, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 

9. I also claim such an adjustment of parts of the magazine 
stove as will carry the whole volume of the heated products of 
combustion to the front region of the stove, and thence to the 
rear part of it over the top of the magazine, in the manner I 
have described, or by any other analogous devices. 

10. I also claim the gate-like sliding cover N", in combi- 
nation with the magazine H, as and for the purpose herein set 
forth. 

11. I also claim the inward deflection of the case M*, in its 
relation to, and combination with, the furnace and chamber E E 
E, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. 



S3 THE MOENIKG GLOET. 

12. I also claim the window openings in the outer case at M 2 , 
in combination with the recession of the case, substantially as 
and for the purposes set forth. 

DENNIS G. LITTLEFIELD. 
Witnesses : 

Henry C. Littlefield, 
Edm. F. Brown. 

The first editions of the Morning Glory Stoves, those made 
in 1861-2, and a part of those made in 1863, were strictly in ac- 
cordance with the foregoing patent in all their parts, excepting 
the furnace ; Some of which had their fire-pots formed of verti- 
cal bars. All of those Stoves gave excellent satisfaction, though 
in some instances they did not heat sufficiently at their base; to 
remedy this, and in other ways obtain a more satisfactory con- 
struction, I devised the construction 

PATENTED AUGUST 18, 1863. 



THE MOENING GLORY. 39 



No. 2881. 

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

TO ALL TO WHOM THESE LETTERS PATENT SHALL COME: 

WHEREAS, Dennis G. Littlefield, of Albany, New- 
York, has alleged that he has invented a new and useful Im- 
provement in Base Burning Stoves (for which Letters Patent 
were issued to him dated August 18, 1 863 ; the same surrendered, 
and new letters issued to him dated December 22, 1863; which 
last letters having been surrendered by him, the same have been 
cancelled, and new letters ordered to issue to him on an amended 
specification), and has made oath that he is a citizen of the 
United States, that he verily believes he is the original and first 
inventor or discoverer of the said improvement, and that the 
same hath not to his knowledge and belief been previously 
known or used ; has paid into the treasury of the United States 
the sum of thirty dollars, and presented a petition to the 
Commissioner of Patents praying that a patent may be issued 
therefor. 

These are therefore to grant to the said Dennis G. Littlefield, 
his executors, administrators, or assigns, for the term of seven- 
teen years from the eighteenth day of August, one thousand 
eight hundred and sixty-three, the full and exclusive light and 
liberty of making, using and vending to others to be used, the 
said improvement, a description whereof is given in the annexed 
schedule, and made a part of these presents. 

In testimony whereof, I have caused these Letters to be made 
Patent, and the seal of the Patent Office to be hereunto 
affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Washing- 
ton this twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our 
[l. s] Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of 
the independence of the United States of America the 
ninety-second. 

W. T. OTTO, Acting Secretary of the Interior. 
A. M. STONE, Acting Commissioner of Patents, 

Countersigned and sealed with ) 
the seal of the Patent Office, f 



40 



THE MORNING GLORY. 




Fig. 3. 





Fig. 2. 




Fig. 5. 




THE MORNING- GLORY. 41 

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. 

DENNIS G. LITTLEFIELD, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK. 

Letters Patent No. 39,582, dated August 18, 1863; reissue No. 
1,594, dated December 22, 1863; reissue No. 2,881, dated 
February 25, 1868. 

IMPROVEMENT IN BASE-BURNING STOVES. 

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making 

part of the same. 

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN I 

Be it known that I, Dennis G. Littlefield, of the city and 
county of Albany, and State of New York, have invented cer- 
tain new and useful improvements in a well-known kind of 
stoves, which I denominate Magazine Coal-Burners; and I do 
hereby declare the following to be a full and exact description 
of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, 
making a part of this specification, in which — 

Figure 1 represents a vertical section, central from front to 
back, of a burner comprising my inventions. 

Figure 2, a horizontal section, viewed from above, of the 
lower part of the burner, including the place of combustion, 
which I denominate the furnace. 

Figure 3, a front elevation of the lower section of the burner, 
including the furnace. 

Figure 4, a front elevation of the upper section of the burner. 

Figure 5, a perspective view*of the lower part of the supply- 
ing-reservoir, which I denominate the magazine. 

Above the base, A, figs. 1, 3, is a chamber, C C, fig. 1, in 
which the furnace is suspended. This chamber terminates 
above in the projecting rim c. It is provided with doors, e e, 
fig. 3, in which are draught-registers, j j, fig. 3, and through 
w r hich may be introduced an ash-pan. The furnace D, fig. 1, is 
of cast iron, in the form of the lower part, inverted, of a 
church-bell, that is to say, flaring outward until it forms a con- 
tact around its whole periphery, with the wall of the chamber 
C, fig. ] , its upper edge resting on and supported by a ledge, 
<Z, projecting inward from the casting, b b, fig. 1, or its ledge, c. 

6 



42 THE MORNING GLORY. 

The furnace has for its bottom my well-known mill-grate, H, 
fig. 1, described in my Letters Patent, bearing date December 
9, 1862, and reissued May 14, 1867, or any other suitable fire- 
grate. There are one or more apertures through the flaring 
part of the furnace, which are ordinarily closed by the valve g, 
fig. 2, but which, by opening the valve by any suitable means, 
may, at pleasure, be made to open a communication between 
the chamber C C, surrounding the furnace, and the chamber 
G G immediately above it, and represented in fig. 1. These 
two contiguous chambers, it will be observed, without this valv- 
ular opening, would be completely isolated from each other, but 
the communication thus opened between them may be made 
subservient to two valuable purposes. The chamber G G being 
kept free by its connection with the exit-flue and chimney, the 
dust evolved in agitating the fire-grate, the valve being open, 
will naturally pass upward into this chamber, instead of coming 
out of the open doors of the stove into the room as it would 
otherwise do." This valvular opening may also be used for the 
further purpose of checking combustion, instead of resorting, 
for that purpose, to the expedient of closing the draught-regis- 
ters j j, already described, whereby the atmosphere of the 
room would become less pure and agreeable. On opening the 
valve, the air entering through the open registers becomes par- 
tially diverted from its upward passage through the grate and 
burning fuel, while, at the same time, the air thus diverted will, 
by partially filling the chamber G G, diminish its power to 
draw air through the fire-grate. # 

The part of the burner comprising the base, A, the chamber 
C C, and the furnace D, with their subordinate parts, and con- 
nected permanently together in the ordinary manner, may be 
called its lower section, as shown in figs. 2 and 3. The lower 
part of the external case above this section, consists of a set of 
cast-iron plates, III, fig. 4, permanently connected, and pre- 
senting the form represented in figs. I and 4. It has, at its 
base, a rim, i, which fits the rim, c, of the lower section of the 
burner, and at the top it terminates in another rim, Jc. In the 
plates III, fig. 4, are illuminating-spaces, which may be filled 
with mica. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 43 

The magazine should be so constructed, and, in relation to 
the furnace, so adjusted, as to render it in the highest degree 
conducive to the efficiency of the furnace, and at the same time, 
as far as possible, to insure its own durability. The following 
description will show the construction by means of which I aim 
to accomplish these desirable ends. 

Within the lower section of the external case, and concentric 
with it, is suspended the lower section of the magazine, the 
upper end of which is connected by suitable supports or fasten- 
ings, with the case or its rim &, so as to leave a space between 
it and the case, for the purpose of connecting the lower and 
upper parts of the chamber G G, as shown in fig. 1, and extends 
downward in the chamber G G, such suitable distance as may 
be required, in the form of a truncated cone inverted. Near 
the lower end of the segment K, it is abruptly contracted, and 
the part thus contracted enters the upper end of the segment 
L, as shown in figs. 1 and 5, and covering the upper periphery 
of the lining of soap-stone or fire-brick, serves to protect it 
from abrasion by the descending coal. The segment L is sus- 
pended from the segment K by eyes o o and stirrups or hasps 
p p, or their equivalents, as shown in fig. 1. The segment L is 
also abruptly contracted, inside, so as to form a shoulder or 
ledge, rc, for the purpose of supporting the lining m m m, fig. 
] , having a corresponding shoulder. This device for keeping 
the lining in place, not only serves that purpose, but is indis- 
pensable also to the preservation of the lower segment of this 
section of the magazine from destruction, because the expansion 
of the' iron by heat being greater than that of the lining, the 
lining would otherwise descend by its own gravity, and besides 
being thus moved from its proper position, would cause the iron 
to crack in cooling. The downward contraction of this section 
of the magazine serves the important purpose of preventing 
the too rapid descent of the coal, and thus of preventing it from 
becoming too compact, and from pressing too heavily at the 
place of most active combustion. The freedom from undue 
compression thus secured, renders the process of combustion 
more complete and increases the heat evolved. 

To complete the structure of the upper section of the burner, 



44 THE MORNING GLOKY. 

• 
the magazine is extended upward by the superaddition of the 

upper section, 1ST, consisting either of cast or sheet iron, and 

terminating at the plate u, fig. 1. Its form, it will be seen, is 

that of a truncated cone. The outer case is extended upward by 

the superaddition of the segment M to the segment L, fig. 1, 

with which it is connected at the rim k. It is made of, cast or 

sheet iron, and, reaching to the top of the burner, it receives 

the top-plate, S, having the usual cover, t, for an aperture, 

through which the burner is supplied with coal. 

The plate u separates the chamber G- from the flue Q above, 
and when the aperture v therein, for the admission of coal. to 
the magazine, is closed, it covers the magazine. The slide or 
valve y, for closing the opening v, and the passage w, for the 
escape of the products of combustion, the concentric or double 
flue Q, and the separate chamber P, communicating directly 
with the exit-flue r, are of the same construction and arrange- 
ment, and operate in the same manner as the correspondent 
parts described in Letters Patent granted to me, bearing date 
December 6, 1862, and more exactly in the reissue of the same, 
granted May 14, 1867, and, therefore, need no further descrip- 
tion here. 

The extensions M of the exterior case, and 1ST of the magazine, 
secured to the lower segments of the same parts, together with 
the top covers, and the parts under them, and above the plate 
u s constitute the entire upper segment of the upper section of 
the burner, as represented in fig. 1. The two sections of the 
burner (figs. 3, 4) are connected by placing the upper upon 
the lower section, and uniting their rims, c and i, by short 
screw-bolts x x, fig. 1. This completes the burner for use. To 
get at the interior parts of it, for the purpose of removal or 
repair, or to prepare the larger burners for transportation, it is 
only necessary to unscrew the bolts x x. 

Those skilled in the art will, I trust, readily perceive the 
proper modes of carrying my invention into practice, and I will 
now proceed to describe the operation of the burner as thus 
constructed. 

Preparatory to kindling the fire in the furnace, the sliding 
cover 2/, fig. 1, is drawn forward. Fire being then applied to 



THE MORNING GLORY. 45 

the kindlings, they may be permitted to burn in this manner 
until the smoke has passed off. The coal is then to be put into 
the magazine, and the sliding cover y pushed back, so as to 
close the top of the magazine. If the fire is required only for 
a temporary purpose, the supply of coal may be graduated 
according to the exigencies of the case, but, if it is intended to 
continue the fire indefinitely, without interruption, the magazine 
may be filled with coal. If the supply of coal be small, the whole 
becomes ignited, and will, unless checked, burn rapidly from all 
its surfaces, as in a common stove ; but, if the magazine is filled 
with coal, the result is somewhat different. In that case, 
although the coal becomes ignited up to the end of the maga- 
zine, yet the combustion proceeds slowly in the upper part of 
the furnace, except in that part of the coal at the periphery 
below and outside of the magazine. 

The gases and other products of imperfect combustion which 
accumulate in the magazine, pass therefrom into the space be- 
tween the furnace and the lower end of the magazine, and aid 
in maintaining a vivid combustion at that point, which being 
made near to and aided by the heated draught through the fur- 
nace, assists in the combustion of the coal upon the fire-grate. 
The gases having been thus utilized and spent, pass up the 
chamber G G, and through the aperture w to the flue Q, and 
thence to the exit-pipes. 

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters 
Patent, is — 

1 . The devices described, by means of which th$ magazine, 
and each of the several sections of which it is composed, are 
held in their proper positions, while, at the same time, the sev- 
eral parts are so adjusted as readily to admit of being separated 
and reunited at pleasure. 

2. The corresponding notches or shoulders in the iron cylinder 
and the lining, as described, by means of which the lining is 
held in its place, notwithstanding the greater expansion of the 
cylinder by heat, and without danger therefrom. 

3. The magazine, constructed as described, in combination 
with the furnace separated from it, and suspended within a 
chamber isolated from the chamber surrounding the magazine. 



46 THE MOR^INQ GLORY. 

4. The combination of a magazine contracting in diameter 
from the middle or other line downward to its lower end, with 
a furnace, suspended within a chamber isolated from the cham- 
ber surrounding the magazine. 

5. The devices described, by means of which I am able to 
construct what I denominate the upper and lower sections of 
the burner, each complete in itself separately, and so to adjust 
them as to admit of their being conveniently separated and 
reunited without injury to either*. 

6. I claim the intercommunication, to be opened and closed 
at pleasure, between the chamber of a magazine coal-burner, 
which surrounds the furnace, and that which surrounds the 
magazine. 

DENNIS G. LITTLEFIELD. 
Witnesses 
Henry C. Littlefield, 
Theo. F. Miner. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



47 



Fte.l. 



Ficr. 2. 





Fior. 3. 




48 THE MORNING GLORY. 

To improve the construction of 1863, I devised certain im- 
provements which were patented on the 17th of April, 1866. 
The following description of the drawings, and the claims will 
show the nature of those improvements : 

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a cylinder stove, with a portion 
of the outer casing broken away in order to show more clearly 
my improvements. 

Fig. 2, a top plan view of the lower portion of the stove, all 
that part above the x, x (Fig 1) being removed, and, 

Fig. 3, a section in the line y, y, of Fig. 2. 

My improvements relate particularly to that class of stoves 
which contain a reserve fuel magazine. 

CLAIMS. 

1st. The employment of the fturved hook (C) when used in 
combination with the upper and lower sections of the maga- 
zine, or self-supplying cylinder (A and B) constructed and 
arranged in the manner and for the purposes substantially as 
herein described and set forth. 

2d. The employment, of the annular agitator, damper, or 
valve (D) constructed, arranged and combined with the fire-pot 
or fire chamber (F), in the manner and for r the purposes sub- 
stantially as herein described and set forth. 



To still further improve these stoves, I devised the construc- 
tion known as the Morning Glory of 1 866, and received letters 
patent therefor on the 21st day of April, 1868. 



THE MOKNING GLOEY. 49 



No. 77,056. 

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

TO ALL TO WHOM THESE LETTERS PATENT SHALL COME: 

WHEREAS, Dennis G. Littlefield, of Albany, New 
York, has alleged that he has • invented a new and useful Im- 
provement in Base Burning Stoves, and has made oath that he 
is a citizen of the United States, that he verily belives he is the 
original and first inventor or discoverer of the said improve- 
ment, and that the same hath not to his knowledge and belief 
been previously known or -used ; has paid into the treasury of 
the United States the sum of thirty-five dollars, and presented 
a petition to the Commissioner of Patents praying that a patent 
may be issued therefor. „ • 

These are therefore to grant to the said Dennis G. Littlefield, 
his executors, administrators, or assigns, for the term of seven- 
teen years from the twenty-first day of April, one thousand 
eight hundred and sixty-eight, the full and exclusive right and 
liberty of making, using and vending to others to be used the 
said improvement, a description whereof is given in the annexed 
schedule, and made a part of these presents. 

In testimony whereof, I have caused these Letters to be made 
Patent and the' seal of the Patent Office to be hereunto 
affixed. Given under my hand at the city of Washing- 
ton, this twenty-first day of April, in the year of our 
[l. s.] Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and of 
the independence of the United States of America the 
ninety-second. 

W. T. OTTO, Acting Secretary of the Interior. 
A. M. STONE, Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

Countersigned and sealed with ) 
the seal of the Patent Office, j 



50 



THE MORNING GLORY. 

Fig. 1. Fiar. 3. 




.=!&„ 



Fier. 5. 



Fie 4. 




Fisr. 7. 



T 




Fiff. 6. 




Fig. 2. « 




Fig. 8. 




Fi<r. 9. 




THE MORNING GLORY. 51 

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. 

DENNIS G. LITTLEFIELD, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK. 

Letters Patent No. 77,056, dated April 21, 1868. 

IMPROVEMENT IN COAL-STOVES. 

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making 

part of the same. 

TO ALL WHOM IT MAT CONCERN ; 

Be it known that I, Dennis G. Littlefield, of the city of 
Albany, and State of New York, have invented certain new 
and useful improvements in a well-known kind of stoves, which 
I denominate Magazine Coal Burners ; and I do hereby declare 
the following to be a full and exact description of the same, 
reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of 
this specification, in which — 

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a central vertical section 
of the stove from front to back. 

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the magazine having its 
cover removed. 

Figure 3, the maorazine-cover. 

Figure 4, the magazine-cover handle. 

Figure 5, the hopper. 

Figure 6, the flue-plate, which, when in place, forms the inner 
side of the downward passage to the •moke-pipe. 

Figure 7, the top cover, with a sliding valve and urn-basin. 

Figure 8, a transverse view of a segment of the agitator, 
dust-register, and "mill-grate." 

Figure 9, a segment of the ring of spurs projecting inward 
from the exterior case, and deflected downward, for the purpose 
of steadying the magazine and keeping it in its central position. 

The inventions wherein I now desire to secure an exclusive 
property are the last of the series of inventions by which I have 
at length brought the magazine coal-burner to the perfection 
exhibited in what I denominate the " Morning Glory of '66," as 
I now construct it. These new inventions work no change, 
either of structure or form in the exterior radiating-case, as it 
presents itself longitudinally to the eye of the observer, except 
by the adaptation of a sliding valve immediately below the urn- 



52 THE MORNING GLORY. 

bowl at the top of the cover, nor do they lead necessarily to 
any change of those interior parts of the burner which are con- 
tained in its lower region, extending upward to line 2, fig. 1. 

The ash-pit, C, and the doors opening into it, through which 
the ash-pan, a^may be introduced and taken out, and also the 
furnace, D, including my " mill-grate " d d, fully described in 
my patent bearing date December 1862, and reissued May 14, 
1867, remain unchanged by my new inventions. The furnace, 
however, as of late I construct it, contains the annular agitator, 
s 5, figs. 1 and 8, described in my patent bearing date April 1 7, 
1866. It consists of a movable cast iron plate, corresponding 
in form with the abruptly-flaring part of the furnace, on which 
it lies when at rest, and whereon it may be readily moved hori- 
zontally, each way, through a limited space, by means of a lever, 
m, fig. 1, inserted into the lower end of a flat bar, fixed at the 
upper end to the agitator, and descending into the ash-pit C. 
The dark oblong spots appearing on fig. 1 represent closed holes 
through the furnace, and the agitator has corresponding holes. 
The holes of both in coincidence, and consequently open, are 
shown in fig. 8. 

I give this brief description of it here because I hope it may 
be useful to avail myself of this opportunity to inform the pub- 
lic, that, in addition to the uses of this valuable appendage, 
specified in my patent of April 17, 1866, it may also be made 
auxiliary to my newly-invented valve, at the top of the burner, 
in checking combustion, when desirable, by the admission into 
the chambers above of cold air from without, entering through 
the draught-registers in the doors, and thus avoiding the neces- 
sity of closing these registers and rendering the air in the room 
less pure. 

What I deem the most important of my new inventions, 
herein described, relates to. the adjustment of the magazine 
within the case, and by " magazine " I intend and desire, here, 
and throughout this specification, to be understood to refer 
exclusively to a magazine separated from the furnace, com- 
pletely Surrounded by an open space or chamber, and closed at 
the top, except when opened for the purpose of being replen- 
ished with fuel. 



THE MOENING GLOET. 53 

In other respects my invention is not limited to any particular 
form or structure of the magazine. It may be of uniform 
diameter throughout its whole length, or taper upward or 
downward ; it may be cast whole, or in several parts ; and it 
may be wholly, or only in part, of cast iron. 

But the magazine, having nothing below it to rest upon, 
must be upheld and kept in a central position by other means. 

Magazines of this description have accordingly been hereto- 
fore supported by fastening them to the sides of the case, a 
mode of construction shown by experience, and which may be 
otherwise demonstrated, to be highly objectionable, and accord- 
ingly the invention of some sufficient method of supporting 
them, independently of any lateral connection with the case, 
became a great desideratum. 

Hanging directly over the furnace, and immersed in hot gases 
generated by combustion below them, they become heated to a 
very high degree, and this effect is intensified by the accumula- 
tion and detention of these gases within the magazine, for want 
of any opening at the top of it for their escape. Thus unavoid- 
ably exposed without and within to the constant action of so high 
a degree of heat, the magazine will ultimately wear out and 
require to be replaced. The outer case, it is true, must also be 
heated to a high degree, because it is only by the radiation of 
heat from its outer surface that the burner becomes effective. 
But the hot gases come in contact only with its inner surface, 
and are counteracted by the comparatively cool atmosphere in 
contact with its outer surface. .This inferior degree of heat 
is insufficient to destroy it, and freed from all destructive 
agencies proceeding from other causes, it would endure for a 
life-time. 

But under the old mode of adjustment it nevertheless became 
gradually weakened, and at length worthless. This want of 
durability was referable mainly to the lateral mechanical con- 
nection of the magazine with the case. Its lower section, from 
line 2 to line 3, fig. 1, necessarily consists of several plates, and 
is fastened by bolts to the upper section, extending from line 3 
to line 4, which is also necessarily cast in several plates, and 
whether the burner is to be used for the purpose of warming 



54 THE MORNING GLORY. 

the apartment in which it is placed, or to be placed in base- 
ments and covered with a bright metallic shell, or surrounded 
by brick walls, for the purpose of warming rooms above, it is 
indispensable both to health and comfort that the gases gene- 
rated by combustion should be prevented from escaping through 
its numerous joints. 

This is effected by the interposition of an adhesive and inde- 
structible cement. It will be seen at once, therefore, how 
important it is, that, when the case is once set up, its joints 
should remain undisturbed, and how difficult, not to say impos- 
sible, it is, when separated, to restore them perfectly, or to 
restore the structure to its original stability. 

But when the magazine is connected with the case in the 
manner I have described, no effective access can be attained for 
the purpose of repair, nor can the magazine be taken out for 
this purpose without separating the joints of the case. This, 
as will be best understood by those best " skilled in the art," 
was a " grievous fault." 

But the destruction of the case was accelerated by another 
cause, also resulting from the common mode of construction. 
Iron expands by heat, and its expansion is in proportion to the 
degree of heat to which it is subjected. But, as already stated, 
the magazine, placed in close proximity to the furnace, and 
directly over it, must unavoidably become heated to a much 
higher degree than the case, and must consequently undergo a 
much greater degree of expansion. The expansion of iron by 
heat, like its contraction by frost, is one of those operations of 
the laws of nature which admits of no restraint. When its 
effect would otherwise be injurious, the only alternative, there- 
fore, is to neutralize it by evasion. 

There is no difficulty in making the joints of the case air- 
tight by cement, but while it was laterally connected with the 
magazine, and was thus subjected, by transmission, to the 
irresistible action of its greater expansion, the joints were 
inevitably made to yield, and, before long, to permit the escape 
of gas. But by superseding the necessity of ever disturbing 
the joints of the case for the purpose of repairing or replacing 
the magazine, and by relieving the case from the expansive 



THE MORNING GLORY. 55 

force of the magazine, my invention effectually avoids both of 
these causes of instability. 

I detach the magazine altogether from the sides of the case, 
and suspend it by means of the strong cast iron plate forming 
its top, P, fig. 1, and shown also in fig. 2, which is firmly upheld 
by a narrow ledge projecting inward from the case, on which it 
rests, and when the aperture through this plate (see fig. 2) for 
the admission of coal to the magazine is closed by the cover ?/, 
figs. 1 and 3, it completes the floor of the chamber, G G. It is 
fastened to the magazine by means of four rods (two of which 
are shown in fig. 2), which pass upwards from brackets, e e, 
through the plate, and are held by nuts n n, fig. 2. For the 
purpose of guarding more effectually against any vibration of 
the magazine, I surround it with a ring of spurs, o o o, fig. 9, 
projecting from and cast with the case at or near line 3, fig. 9, 
curved downward and extending very nearly to the magazine. 

The magazine, thus severed from all lateral connection with 
the case, it will be seen, may, at pleasure, be conveniently lifted 
out for repair or replacement, by simply unscrewing the main 
cover, held to its place only by the bolts, 8 8, fig. 1, and remov- 
ing it, together with the parts immediately under it, represented 
by figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6. These parts, it will be noticed, are loose 
pieces, unconnected except by relative position with each other 
or with the parts on which they rest. They can therefore be 
readily removed when the main cover is off. But it is necessary 
that when the burner is in use they should be firmly held in 
their respective proper positions. To this end they are so 
adjusted to each other, as shown in the drawings, that, if the 
hopper be securely fixed in its place, the other parts will also 
be kept in theirs. 

Availing myself of this arrangement, I accomplish the end in 
view by so adapting the upper edges of the sides of the hopper, 
in point of form and height, to the main cover, E E, fig. 1, 
when in place, that, on being bolted down, it confines the hop- 
per, and indirectly, also, as already shown, the other parts, 
immovably in their places. 

By the arrangement I have described, it is obvious that the 
exterior" shell becomes in itself an independent, stable, and 



56 THE MORNING GLORY. 

enduring structure, unaffected by the expansion or the removal 
of the magazine, and the necessity of separate fastenings for 
the -several parts occupying the chamber G G, fig. 1, is super- 
seded. 

In applying these inventions I have been led also to modify 
the magazine. As I now construct it, its forms and structure 
are shown in fig. 2. It consists of three segments, I, J and K, 
and the lining of fire-brick or soap-stone, r r r, supported by 
reciprocating shoulders, as described in my patent of August 
18, 1863. The segments I and J are of cast iron, the segment 
K of wrought iron, which I prefer to cast iron, because it 
affords an easy and convenient means of altering the length, 
and consequently the capacity of the magazine, by lengthening 
or shortening this part of it. The three segments are bolted 
together, as shown in fig. 2, and are thus united in one firm 
structure, and the " stirrups," described in my patent of August 
18, 1863, are dispensed with. The device described in that 
patent for protecting the lining from abrasion, being inapplica- 
ble to the magazine as above described, I have invented another 
means, which also serves the additional purpose of holding the 
lining more firmly in place in shipping and transporting the 
burner. 

It consists of an annular casting, T, fig. 1, which I call the 
" brick-ring." In form it resembles an ordinary tin pan without 
its bottom. Its smaller diameter is a little less than the inner 
diameter of the lining at the top, and when in its place its lower 
edge is consequently a little lower than the inner periphery of 
the lining. Its upper diameter corresponds with the inner 
diameter of the magazine where it lies, and its upper edge 
being curved downward at two opposite points, so as to allow 
it to pass down over small knobs, v, fig. 1, cast for the purpose, 
on the inner opposite sides of the magazine, it may, by a brisk 
rotary movement, be made to wedge firmly between the lower 
sides of the knobs and the upper part of the lining, and thus to 
hold the lining in its place, while .by lapping down over its 
upper periphery, it protects it from injury by collision with the 
coal. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 57 

It often becomes necessary, when the draught of the chimney- 
is strong, to check a too vehement combustion. This may be 
most effectually done by closing the draught-register in the 
doors of the ash-pit. But it is desirable, when on other accounts 
unobjectionable, to keep them open for the purpose of insuring 
an agreeable and healthful atmosphere in the room, and I have 
to this end adapted a sliding valve or regulator in the upper 
cover, w?, fig. 1, of the burner, shown at P, fig. 7, and consisting 
of a series of oblong holes around the cover, between its periph- 
ery and the urn-bowl, to be opened and closed at pleasure, by 
a movable plate, having corresponding apertures, and nicely 
fitted to the cover. By the admission of air through this valve 
into the small chamber G G, fig. 1, through which the upward 
current from below finds its way to the smoke pipe, S, fig. 1, 
the upward current will be considerably impeded by partial 
obstruction, and also by being cooled, and the combustion in 
the furnace will be sensibly checked. 

If the handle/', fig. 4, by means of which the cover y, figs. 1 
and 3, is opened and closed, and which must unavoidably pass 
through the outer case, be fixed immovably to the cover, it is 
manifest that the cover cannot be removed from the chamber in 
which it operates, and consequently the magazine could not be 
taken out without breaking the handle. To remedy this incon- 
venience I have invented a handle represented by fig. 4, and an 
aperture in and through the cover y, by means of which the 
handle, kept in its position by its passage through the case, 
cannot possibly be detached from the cover by use, but may, 
nevertheless, without difficulty, be separated by raising the 
cover from its bed, preparatory to lifting the magazine out of 
the case. 

What I claim as of my invention, and desire to secure by 
Letters Patent, is — 

1. The complete separation of the covered magazine from 
the sides of the surrounding case, and the devices described 
w T hereby it is suspended and securely held in its proper position 
for use, while it may at pleasure be taken out of the case and 
again restored to its place, without injury or disturbance to the 
case. 

8 



58 THE MOENING GLORY. 

2. The adjustment, in the manner described, of the handle of 
the cover of the magazine. 

3. The reciprocal adaptation of the magazine-cover, the flue- 
plate, and the hopper to each other, and of the hopper to the 
cover of the burner, in the manner and for the purposes specified. 

DENNIS G. L1TTLEFIELD. 
Witnesses : 

Henry C. Littlefield, 
A. Barton Hough. 



Besides the inventions secured by these patents, is the new 
construction for an illuminating case, upon which I have made 
claims for two distinct inventions. These, together with those 
secured by the foregoing patents, comprise twenty-five distinct 
inventions, twenty of which, viz.: The 1st, 2d, 5th, 6th, 7th, 
8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th, claim of the patent of 1862 ; the 
2d, 4th, 5th and 6th, claim of the patent of 1863 ; the 2d claim 
of the patent of 1866 ; the three claims of the patent of 1868, 
together with those relating to the new case, are embodied in 

The Morning Glory of 1868. 

The present stove is not susceptible of having further inven- 
tion bestowed upon it, and I am of the opinion that it will 
not require further improvements, mechanically. All improve- 
ments that have been made upon the stove of 1866, can be 
applied to that stove ; and should it be deemed advisable to 
make further mechanical changes, they will be so made that the 
improved parts can be applied to the present stove, as changed 
from that of 1866. 

Albany, August 1, 1868. 



THE MOENIXG GLOET. 59 



ECONOMY. 



Trvse persons that have read of the Morning Glory from 
year to year since it was introduced, in 1861, must have 
observed that this word has seldom been used. This omission 
has occurred for two reasons : First, my observation had taught 
me that when it had been desirable to sell a stove, whether it 
was or was not an economical one, this word, prior to the date 
of my inventions, had been extravagantly used, so much so, 
that in my view, the public would be justified in looking upon 
my inventions with suspicion should I adopt the common 
method, and claim for them great economy in fuel. And, sec- 
ond, I omitted to make a more extravagant use of this word, 
for the reason, that, in my view, it would be out of place with 
all sensible people, they knowing the purpose of my inventions, 
would also know that should I succeed in making the Base 
Burning Stove a useful machine, that economy would follow 
as a necessary sequence. But, notwithstanding I have neglected 
to write upon this subject, I have conversed on the subject 
thousands of times, when called upon to explain my views. It 
has been my custom for the past ten years, when asked how 
much coal it would require to warm a certain size room, or to 
run a certain size stove, to ask the customer: First, Avhat kind 
of a stove he had been using, and receiving his reply, would 
then ask if he had been able to warm the room with such stove, 
when, if he replied in the affirmative, without caring to know 
the quantity of coal he had burned, I have uniformly guaranteed 
a saving of one-third over the former stove. I have given such a 
guaranty hundreds of times, and never, in a single instance, 
failed to give the customer the satisfaction guaranteed. But 
when the party informed me that he had been unable to warm 
the room, and desired a different stove to enable him to do so, 
I have admitted my inability to answer the question, and stated 
that I could only guarantee a warm room ; freely admitting that 



60 THE MORNING GLOllY. 

time alone could inform him whether or not he would hum 
more coal than with the former stove. I have known instances 
where a No. 11 stove (the present No. 23) has Warfned a moder- 
ate size room during: the entire winter with less than one ton of 
coal ; and I have known instances where the same stove has 
burned from four to five tons, owing to its being a very cold 
room where it was used. 

The Littlefield Stove Manufacturing Company will 
authorize their customers to treat the matter in selling the 
Morning Glory Stoves in just this way, viz.: For all persons 
that have been able to warm their apartments with any stove, 
whether it was a common stove, or one of the so-called Base 
Burners, or even if it was a stove said to be just like the 
Morning Glory, or an "improvement upon the Morning 
Glory," where the customer has used such a stove and suc- 
ceeded in warming his apartment, and knows how much coal he 
has burned, a Morning Glory of 1868 may be put up in its 
place, with a guaranty of equal heat, with an economy of at 
least one-third. 

In many instances more than this can safely be guaranteed ; 
of this, however, the dealer in the Morning Glory Stoves 
must be the judge, and govern himself accordingly. 

D. G. LITTLEFIELD, General Snp't of the 
Littlefield Stove Manufacturing Co., 

Albany, N. Y. 



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